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Crime and Punishment is a novel by Russian writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, published in 1866 in the journal Russian Herald. It is considered one of the greatest works of Russian literature. The plot is set in Saint Petersburg in the mid-1860s.
Set in impoverished Petrograd, it follows Rodion Raskolnikov, an impoverished former student who, obsessed with the idea of a superman, murders the elderly moneylender Alena Ivanovna and her sister Lizaveta, believing that the act is morally justified if it serves a greater purpose.
Tormented by poverty and nihilistic ideas, Raskolnikov rationalizes the crime by considering the moneylender a nuisance to society. However, after the murder, he is overcome by paranoia, guilt, and internal conflict. The novel traces his psychological disintegration as he struggles with feelings of remorse and fear of discovery. Key characters, such as Sonya Marmeladova, a prostitute who embodies suffering and faith, and the investigator Porfiry Petrovich, who psychologically oppresses Raskolnikov, help to expose his inner turmoil.
Dostoevsky explores themes of moral responsibility, freedom, and suffering, contrasting atheistic nihilism with Christian redemption. Through Raskolnikov's journey from crime to confession and imprisonment, the novel emphasizes the possibility of spiritual renewal. The style is dense, with deep psychological portraits and philosophical dialogues, making the work a universal meditation on human nature and social injustices.
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